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As the highest plateau on the earth, the imposing Tibetan Plateau is often referred to as the “Roof of the World” and is considered to be one of the most outstanding natural features of eastern Asia. Along with the eastern monsoon region and the northwestern arid region, it is one of China’s three typical natural zones, each with their own special features, and exerts a great influence on the formation and development of the adjacent geographical landscape. Established in 1965, Tibet Autonomous Region has made Lhasa as its capital. At present, it is composed of one prefecture-level city, Lhasa, and six districts, such as Shigatse, Qamdo, Nagchu, Yamaminami, Ngari and Nyingchi. It covers an area of 1,200,000 square kilometers, accounting for about one eighth of PRC. This book is an introduction to its unique geology, landform, climatope, as well as fauna and flora.